통합 자료실

제목 기독교 역사학의 기초와 적용 ; 스코틀랜드 장로교와 영국혁명
영문 제목 The Scottish Presbyterianism and the English Revolution
저자 이경아 (Kyeong A Lee)
다운로드 pdf 52200159.PDF (1.84 MB)
논문 구분 특집논문 | 인문과학
발행 기관 통합연구 (ISSN 1226-1157)
발행 정보 제7권 3호 (통권 23호)
발행 년월 1994년 09월
국문 초록
영문 초록 The English Revolution of the mid-seventeeth century - that complex period which involved the downfall of Charles I`s government, civil wars, social upheaval, and the creation of a republic - has long attracted the attention of historians, and the available literature on the subject is now formidably large and indigestible. But most historians did not consider their subjects in the British dimension in English context. Recently, however some historians have begun to see in their subjects in the relations of the multiple kingdoms. In particular, Conard Russell and John Morill have stressed the English civil war was one of the British crises and it ought to be studied in the British context. In earlier studies, the Scottish National Covenant of 1638 has been considered as a simple relation to a series of innovation of Arminianism or Catholicism under the reign of Charles I as the English Revolution has been understood as an solely English problem. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the relationship between the Scottish National Covenanters and the English Revolution. The main questions examined here are : What led the Scots to make the National Covenant of 1638? How the Covenanters could prepare and resist the King? Why did they intervene in the English affairs and What were their influences upon the English Revolution? Major observations derived form the above investigations may be summarized as follows: After the union of the Crown in 1603 that the Scots began to feel a sense of inferiority in the size of land, population and wealth. With more contact with English counterparts, all Scottish estates could not help feeling a sense of relative deprivation. In particular the Revocation Act of 1633 made laymen, especially noble men bitterly resentful. Under such circimstances Charles I was openly preparing the New Prayer Book, ignoring wide opposition. On the Sunday morning of 23 July 1637 when the new service book was read in St. Giles in Edinburgh, one woman shouted and threw the stools. After that riot, many petitioners and letters were presented to the Privy Council. When the Scots had realized that formal petitions from the elite with supplications were of no use for eight months after the Prayer Book Riots at St. Giles 1637, it was agreed that a public movement was the best way to change Caroline religious policy. By the end of 1637, the Scottish Privy Council was replaced by the revolutionary government. The Scottish Nationalism and Protestantism, therefore, were combined in resistance. Charles I and the Covenanters began to prepare for military operations. On 9 May 1639, Alexander Leslie, a veteran of the Thirty Years` War, was appointed commander by the Scots. Matters did not go smoothly for Charles I. Desipite the money to pay a regular force, he did not summon the Parliament. So the Scottish army won the Charles I`s with ease. The Scottish success had a powerful influences upon england and Ireland. It was the Scots who brought the Long Parliament into being. The Covenanters` effect on Ireland was the Irish Rebellion of 1641. It was the Scottish ambition to export Presbyterianism that made the Covenanters intervene in the English affairs. The Scots supported the king or the Parliament which could accept their ambition. In breaking out of the English Revolution and its early progress the Convenanters supported the Parliament. The Solemn League and Covenant were written and approved by both sides. After the New Model Army, which was mainly constituted of the Independents led by Oliver Cromwell, defeated the king, the Presbyterian settlement in England seemed impossible. So the opinion in Scotland was steadily moving to the king`s favour and the Scots supported the king. The first sign that Charles I had succeeded in allying presbyterians with royalists to start a second civil war came from Wales. Oliver Cromwell was ordered to suppress an insurrection. At that time, Scotland was hopelessly divided. The Engagers were mainly the Scottish nobility, and those depenent upon them, and were bitterly denounced at the ministers for taking up arms on behalf of an uncovenanted king. consequently the well-trained army under Leslie was not available to Hamilton, who had preformed to lead recruits against the veterans of the New Model Army, when he crossed the border in July 1648. Under such circumstances, it is not surprising that the royalist efforts were ill-concerted and their risings were subdued piecemeal. In short, the Scottish ambition to export presbyterianism seemed to play an important role in breaking out of the English Revolution and its progress. So it must be considered that the English Revolution should not be understood in English but British dimension.
키워드 스코틀랜드 장로교, 영국혁명, 기독교 역사학