삼교 (三敎)에 나타난 이상향의 이해 - (사)기독교세계관학술동역회

제목	삼교 (三敎)에 나타난 이상향의 이해
영문 제목	Understanding Utopia through Confucianism , Buddhism and Taoism
저자	김지엽 (Ji Yup Kim) (포항여자전자고등학교 교사)
다운로드	52200271.pdf (1.39 MB)
논문 구분	일반논문 \| 신학/철학
발행 기관	통합연구 (ISSN 1226-1157)
발행 정보	제15권 1호 (통권 38호)
발행 년월	2002년 03월
국문 초록
영문 초록	The concept of utopia was adopted by Thomas More(1478~1535) and it contains the dual meaning of the place which is existing `no-where` in the world and the `good-place`, at the same time. It means, `the place which is better, which is not existing in the world yet` People dream of the utopia eventually as they face the subjectified and objectified troubles and the pain in reality. But the only time that we can live and enjoy is just `today` and the present time. Therefore, though the utopia may be achieve presently, the present time is just the present time always, eternal satisfaction doesn`t exist through fulfillment of the external conditions only. This thesis is dealing with general view of the utopia that is shown through the Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism that are the main axile of oriental philosophy and religion and studied utopia through the three views; time, space and human. As the people are the beings eventually controled by the time and the space, it is necessary for us to have the understanding about the utopia on this view point. 1. The philosophy of Tea Dong(大同思想) The era of Yo Soon(堯舜時代) is th ideal and perfect society in China which is the ideal of the Confucianism. And there`s no way of knowing whether it was existing in reality or not, or they were just dreaming of. Generally speaking, people live in unrest and fright in history. Therefore, in the confucianism the people who are in trouble and agony, the ones who are searching for the new things lamenting about the reality as the desirable model people generally. The philosophy of Tae Dong is started with the philosophical basis and they defined ideal society as fair, peaceful, full of morality, they called that society as the Tae Dong. This is not the unique philosophy of confucianism but it is the comprehensive ideals of various philosophical families in Seon Jin era(先秦時代) 2. The Jeong Toh Philosophy(淨土思想) of Buddhism In Buddhism, there are various Buddhas, there are various countries where Buddhas are living. And the Jeong Toh(淨土) is the place where the most representative Buddhas are living. The environment is described as the scenery is always beautiful, the weather is so comfortable in that place. The food is so abundant, clothes are so affluent, the housings are so nice, there`s no hunger and painfulness of mankind. But the orthodox Buddhists insist that there`s no world existing in any place. Master monk Seong Chul said, "My mind is Buddha and my reality is the paradise, there`s no other paradise existing, the theory of paradise of Seobang Jeong Toh(西方淨土) is the means to lead the ignorant general people to the correct path of life and they are all lies to be accurate." 3. The utopia in Taoism Taoism takes the Sutra of Moral(道德經) as their utmost scripture and takes Noh Jah(老子) as the source of their philosophy, they are deeply related to the philosophy of Taoist philosophy. The description about the ideal nation in the 80th chapter of Sutra of Moral(道德經); "It`s a small country with small population" We need to notice Towhawonki(挑花源記) written by Toh Yon Myung(陶淵明) which was inflenced by Taoism. His writing influenced many oriental writers and painters so deeply because it is describing the utopia in people`s hearts so well. since it was written, the term Moireing Doc Won(武陵挑源) is the most frequently used for depicting the utopia. 4. The relationship between utopia and the mankind The main figure of the world and the history is the absolutely the mankind. But the utopia we have studied through the three religions above we can notice they are focusing on the environment or space. When they are describing the utopia, the main figure usually meets a beauty and gets married, in some cases the main figure meet a great teacher, gets the supernatural power or gifts. He stays there for the time being, later he thinks about his hometown and returns to hometown. And he tries to return to the place but can not find it out again. But usually they are not dealing with the character of the people living in that utopia. If people dream of the utopia, it means the country they are living now lacks something or it is the unstable country apparently. If people are satisfied with the environment that they are living in, they will not have the vainful dreams. It is the thought of the corrupted Adam and it is quite against the thoughts in the bible. As the scripture is saying. "let us make man according to our image and likeness."; man was created according to the purpose and the need of God totally. Therefore, man can not have his own will but he should accomplish God`s will solely and fundamentally. When a man makes something, the purpose and the usage are totally depended on the person who makes it. We should understand this fact clearly. God rested deeply after He created man. God blessed the day and made it holy. In spite of the fact, if a man wants to become an angel, denying his own existence, not to be satisfied with his own life, and dream about something vainful, it is violating the sabbath. Such people create such society and such world. The thieves make the den of the thieves, the drug addicts make the den of the drug addicts. Therefore, even the environment may be perfect in time and space, the world becomes empty if there`s no character. If there`s the character everything turns different. Jesus` disciples said to Jesus, "Lord, to whom shall we go? You have the words of eternal life." it was the condensed expression of their whole life. As if Jesus lived for God, through God, if we live for and through the Lord by eating and drinking the Lord Himself. This is the true entity of the utopia and paradise.
키워드	삼교, 이상향